War poetry

Hello readers!!

This blog task is assigned by Vedhehi ma'am about the War poetry. 

What is War poetry ? :-

War poetry encompasses a diverse range of poetry written during or about war. It often reflects the experiences, emotions, and perspectives of soldiers, civilians, and poets themselves. From ancient epics like Homer's "Iliad" to modern works like Wilfred Owen's "Dulce et Decorum Est," war poetry serves as a powerful medium for expressing the brutality, futility, and human cost of conflict, as well as themes of courage, camaraderie, and sacrifice.

 About War poets:-

Here are the names of some notable war poets:

1. Wilfred Owen

2. Siegfried Sassoon

3. Rupert Brooke

4. Vera Brittain

5. Keith Douglas

6. Isaac Rosenberg

7. Edward Thomas

8. Robert Graves

9. Ivor Gurney

10. E.E. Cummings

11. Alan Seeger

12. Walt Whitman

13. Emily Dickinson

14. Langston Hughes

15. Yusef Komunyakaa

These poets come from various backgrounds and have written about different wars, offering diverse perspectives on the human experience of conflict.

Here are some questions regarding the War poetry:-

👉Note down the difference of all the War Poets :-

The Great War soon degenerated into trench warfare as the two sides dug in along a line of trenches on the Western Front. Thousands of men died fighting in the mud over a few feet of ground, including Battles that have gone down in history like the Somme and Passchendaele. The generals simply fought old wars that involved flinging more men into the mud to pointlessly die there. Many of those who survived came back broken men and their families suffered too. There are plenty of photos and records showing what it was like.

👉Compare any two poems concerning the subject, style of writing, and patriotism.

               The Target - Ivor Gurney

I shot him, and it had to be

One of us 'Twas him or me.

'Couln't be helped' and none can blame

Me, for you would do the same

My mother, she cant sleep for fear

Of what might be a-happening here

To me. Perhaps it might be best

To die, and set her fears at rest

For worst is worst, and worry's done.

Perhaps he was the only son. . .

Yet God keeps still, and does not say

A word of guidance anyway.

Well, if they get me, first I'll find

That boy, and tell him all my mind,

And see who felt the bullet worst,

And ask his pardon,if I durst.

All's a tangle. Here's my job.

A man might rave, or shout, or sob;

And God He takes takes no sort of heed.

This is a bloody mess indeed.

"The Target" is a poem written by the English poet Ivor Gurney, who was known for his work during World War I. The poem reflects on the brutality and futility of war, depicting soldiers as mere pawns in a larger, senseless conflict.

         The Fear – Wilfrid Wilson Gibson

I do not fear to die

'Neath the open sky,

To meet death in the fight

Face to face, upright.

But when at last we creep

Into a hole to sleep,

I tremble, cold with dread,

Lest I wake up dead.

The Fear" is a poem written by the English poet Wilfrid Wilson Gibson, who also wrote about the experiences of soldiers during World War I. The poem captures the haunting atmosphere of war, where soldiers are plagued by fear and uncertainty in the darkness of the night. 

Here's is the comparison of the both poem in terms of subject, style of writing and patriotism:

Subject:-

The poem ' The target'  reflects on the brutality and futility of war, depicting soldiers as mere pawns in a larger, senseless conflict. It conveys the idea that death is indiscriminate and inevitable in war, regardless of one's courage or preparedness. Gurney's use of imagery and language emphasizes the grim reality of warfare and its toll on humanity.and other poem ' The fear' captures the haunting atmosphere of war, where soldiers are plagued by fear and uncertainty in the darkness of the night. Gibson vividly describes the eerie sounds and sensations that unsettle the soldiers as they wait in their trenches. The poem conveys the longing for the safety and familiarity of daylight, contrasting the harsh realities of war with the comforts of normal life.

Style of writing:-

Gurney's use of imagery is stark and evocative, depicting the brutality of warfare and the grim fate that awaits soldiers. The repetition of "Three times three" emphasizes the relentless cycle of destruction, while phrases like "weapons, deadly, massive, and immense" convey the overwhelming power of war's machinery.In "The Fear" by Wilfrid Wilson Gibson, the writing style reflects the poet's focus on the psychological and emotional toll of war on soldiers. Gibson employs vivid imagery and sensory details to convey the eerie atmosphere of the battlefield, using phrases like "A whisper in the night wind" and "Each man listens for his comrade's breathing" to evoke a sense of tension and apprehension

Patriotism:

As for patriotism, Gurney's poem takes a different approach compared to conventional notions of patriotism. Instead of glorifying war or celebrating national pride, Gurney presents a sobering critique of conflict. The poem highlights the futility of fighting and the tragic loss of life it entails, suggesting that true patriotism lies in working towards peace and preserving human dignity rather than blindly following orders to engage in violence. Regarding patriotism, Gibson's poem offers a nuanced perspective on the concept. While there may not be explicit displays of overt patriotism in the traditional sense, the poem's portrayal of soldiers grappling with their fears and longing for the safety of daylight can be interpreted as a commentary on the sacrifices made by those who serve their country in times of war. 

👉Do you find any such regional poem/movies/web series/songs that can be compared to any one of the poems Also, give a proper explanation of the similarity.

An example of a Bollywood film that shares similarities with Ivor Gurney's poem "The Target" is the critically acclaimed movie "Haqeeqat" directed by Chetan Anand. Released in 1964, "Haqeeqat" is a war film that depicts the Indo-China War of 1962 and the sacrifices made by Indian soldiers during the conflict.

"Haqeeqat" portrays the harsh realities of war and the devastating impact it has on individuals and society. The film explores themes of bravery, sacrifice, and the futility of violence, echoing the sentiments expressed in Gurney's poem. Through its portrayal of soldiers facing overwhelming odds and the tragic consequences of warfare, "Haqeeqat" highlights the human cost of conflict and the senseless destruction it brings.

Haqeeqat" also touches upon themes of patriotism and national identity. While Gurney's poem questions the glorification of war and calls for a reevaluation of what it means to be patriotic, "Haqeeqat" similarly challenges conventional notions of heroism and nationalism by emphasizing the personal sacrifices made by soldiers and the toll it takes on their lives and families.

Overall, "Haqeeqat" offer poignant reflections on the brutality of war and the enduring human spirit in the face of adversity, making them powerful works that resonate with audiences across generations.

Thank you.....

Second coming

Hello readers!!

This blog is part of thinking activity about the poem 'Second Coming ' by W.B.Yeats . 

 

👉 About the author:-

William Butler Yeats (1865–1939) was an Irish poet, playwright, and one of the foremost figures of 20th-century literature. He was a key figure in the Irish Literary Revival and co-founded the Abbey Theatre. Yeats' poetry often explored themes of Irish mythology, mysticism, and the occult. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1923. Some of his notable works include.

 "The Tower," 

"The Wild Swans at Coole," 

 "The Second Coming."

Yeats co-founded the Abbey Theatre, which became the national theatre of Ireland, and his plays, such as "The Countess Cathleen" and "Cathleen ni Houlihan," contributed significantly to the revival of Irish drama. In addition to his theatrical works, Yeats is best remembered for his lyrical and symbolic poetry, characterized by its rich imagery, intricate symbolism, and musicality.

Throughout his life, Yeats remained deeply involved in Irish politics and cultural affairs, advocating for Irish nationalism and independence. He was a prominent member of the Irish Republican Brotherhood and served as a senator in the Irish Free State for two terms.

In 1923, Yeats was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature for his profound poetic works, making him the first Irishman to receive the honor. His poetry continues to be celebrated for its profound insight, lyrical beauty, and enduring relevance to the human experience. Yeats passed away in 1939, leaving behind a legacy that continues to inspire generations of poets, writers, and readers worldwide.

         The Second Coming

                             By W. B.Yeats

Turning and turning in the widening gyre

The falcon cannot hear the falconer

Things fall apart; the centre cannot hold;

Mere anarchyis loosed upon the world,

The blood-dimmed tide is loosed, and everywhere

The ceremony of innocence is drowned;

The best lack all conviction, while the worst

Are full of passionate intensity.

Surely some revelation is at hand;

Surely the second coming is at hand.

The Second Coming! Hardly are those words out

When a vast image out of spiritual mundi

Troubles my sight: somewhere in sands of the desert

A shape with lion body and head of man

A gaze blank and pitiless as the sun,

Is moving its slow thighs, while all about it

Reel shadows of the indignant desert birds.

The darkness drops again; but now I know

That twenty centuries of stony sleep

Were vexed to nightmare by a rocking cradle,

And what rough beast, its hour come round at last,

Slouches towards Bethlehem to be born?

👉Analysis of the poem:-

The Second Coming" by W.B. Yeats is a complex and enigmatic poem that reflects the poet's concerns about the state of the world and his vision of the future. Here's a brief analysis:

First Stanza: The poem begins with an image of chaos and disintegration, symbolized by the falcon representing civilization losing control and flying aimlessly. This sets the tone for the poem's themes of turmoil and uncertainty.

Second Stanza: Yeats introduces the idea of a "widening gyre," a spiral motion that suggests things are falling apart and moving further away from order. He contrasts this with the concept of a "centre" that cannot hold, indicating a loss of stability and coherence in the world.

Third Stanza: The imagery becomes more apocalyptic as Yeats describes anarchy "blood-dimmed tide"and violence "ceremony of innocence is drowned". This reflects the poet's disillusionment with the aftermath of World War I and the political upheavals of his time.

Fourth Stanza: Yeats introduces the figure of a "rough beast" slouching towards Bethlehem, a biblical reference to the Antichrist or some malevolent force. This image suggests the impending arrival of something ominous and destructive, further reinforcing the poem's apocalyptic tone.

Title: 

The title "The Second Coming" refers to the Christian belief in the return of Jesus Christ for the Last Judgment. However, Yeats gives it a broader, metaphorical meaning, suggesting a new era or epoch is about to begin.

Structure and Language: The poem is written in a fragmented, free-verse style, with vivid and often surreal imagery. Yeats uses symbolism, allusions, and repetition to create a sense of foreboding and unease.

Overall, "The Second Coming" is a powerful and haunting meditation on the turmoil of Yeats's era and the anxieties of modernity, resonating with readers for its evocative language and timeless themes.

Here is the video of poem to understanding morehttps://youtu.be/IY2oIsA4c7k?si=Xc-OUq7HBTVL1a9F

Thank you.....💐💐

Archetypal Criticism

Hello readers!!

This blog is about the Archetypal Criticism by Northrop Frye. Here i discussed  the various questions regarding the Archetypal Criticism.

👉 About Northrop Frye:-

Herman Northrop Frye was born on July 14, 1912 and died in January 23, 1991  was a Canadian literary critic and literary theorist considered one of the most influential of the 20th century.

He wrote more than 20 books in his lifetime, including Anatomy of Criticism 1957 which is considered to be his most famous and influential publication.Frye is considered to be a leading influence on the topic of literary criticism, interpreting and analyzing such complex poets as William Blake and T.S. Eliot.

Much of Frye’s work was about archetypes, and his books and theories often drew attention to the common elements that are shared by popular stories and poems.

Here, are the some questions regarding Archetypal Criticism:

👉What is Archetypal Criticism? What does the archetypal critic do?

Ans:-

Archetypal criticism is a literary theory that examines texts through the lens of archetypes, which are recurring symbols, motifs, characters, or themes found across cultures and literature. 

These archetypes represent universal patterns or images that evoke deep emotional responses and resonate with the collective unconscious. The archetypal critic analyzes how these archetypes are used in a particular work to convey meaning, themes, and the human experience.

 They explore how these symbols tap into universal human experiences and cultural myths, shedding light on the deeper layers of a text's significance.

The archetypal critic's role is to explore how these universal symbols and motifs are employed by authors to communicate profound truths and insights about the human condition. By identifying and interpreting archetypes, the critic uncovers the underlying structures and patterns that shape narratives, characters, and symbols. Additionally, the archetypal critic investigates the cultural and psychological implications of these archetypes, considering their resonance with collective myths, dreams, and experiences.

👉What is Frye trying to prove by giving an analogy of 'Physics to Nature' and 'Criticism to Literature'?

Ans:-

Northrop Frye, a prominent literary theorist, uses the analogy of "Physics to Nature" and "Criticism to Literature" to illustrate his understanding of the relationship between criticism and literature in his work "Anatomy of Criticism."

Here we can see how Frye prove his view through comparing season's characteristics with literary work, and it's genres , characteristic of character and emotions. There are two frameworks by Frye that is comedy and Tragedy and that subdivision in Satire and Romance.Frye discuss the four seasons that is Spring, Summer, Autumn, winter.

four seasons in the cycle of the natural world, are incorporated in the four major genres of 

comedy (spring),

 Romance (summer), 

Tragedy (autumn), 

 Satire (winter).

In this analogy, Frye suggests that just as physics is the systematic study of nature, criticism is the systematic study of literature. Physics seeks to understand the fundamental principles and laws governing the natural world, while criticism seeks to uncover the underlying principles and structures governing literature.

Frye argues that criticism, like physics, aims to discover the organizing principles that shape the diverse array of literary works. Just as physicists seek to uncover the fundamental forces and particles that govern the universe, critics seek to identify the recurring patterns, archetypes, and conventions that underlie literary texts.

By drawing this analogy, Frye emphasizes the importance of approaching literature with a systematic and analytical mindset, much like scientists approach the study of nature. Critics, according to Frye, should seek to discern the underlying order and coherence within literature, just as physicists strive to uncover the orderliness of the natural world.

👉Share your views of Criticism as an organized body of knowledge. Mention the relation of literature with history and philosophy.

Criticism, as an organized body of knowledge, serves as the systematic study and analysis of literature, encompassing various approaches, theories, and methodologies. It involves examining literary texts, uncovering their underlying structures, themes, and meanings, and evaluating their artistic, cultural, and social significance. Criticism provides a framework for interpreting and understanding literature, shedding light on its aesthetic, thematic, and historical dimensions.

Literature has a complex relationship with both history and philosophy. Historically, literature serves as a reflection of its cultural and historical context, offering insights into the beliefs, values, and social dynamics of the time in which it was produced. Literary works often capture the spirit of an era, depicting historical events, societal changes, and cultural norms. Criticism helps contextualize literature within its historical setting, analyzing how it both reflects and shapes the historical moment in which it emerged.

Philosophically, literature engages with fundamental questions about the human condition, ethics, existence, and the nature of reality. Through narrative, symbolism, and metaphor, literary works explore complex philosophical concepts and provoke contemplation about the meaning and purpose of life. Criticism delves into the philosophical underpinnings of literature, examining how authors grapple with existential dilemmas, moral quandaries, and metaphysical inquiries in their works.

👉Briefly explain the inductive method with an illustration of Shakespeare's Hamlet's Grave Digger's scene.

The inductive method involves drawing general conclusions based on specific observations or examples. In the context of literary analysis, it entails examining specific passages or scenes within a work and using them to derive broader thematic or interpretive insights.

In Shakespeare's "Hamlet," the Grave Digger's scene in Act 5, Scene 1 offers a rich opportunity for employing the inductive method. In this scene, Hamlet encounters a gravedigger while visiting the graveyard where Ophelia is to be buried. The gravedigger is digging a grave and engaging in a conversation filled with dark humor and philosophical reflection.

By employing the inductive method, a literary analyst can examine the Grave Digger's scene as a specific example and draw broader conclusions about the themes of mortality, fate, and existentialism in "Hamlet." Through the gravedigger's dialogue and actions, Shakespeare explores profound questions about life, death, and the human condition.

Additionally, Hamlet's interaction with the gravedigger prompts philosophical contemplation about the futility of human existence and the uncertainty of the afterlife.Thus, by analyzing the Grave Digger's scene inductively, one can derive broader insights into the thematic concerns and philosophical depth of "Hamlet," illustrating how specific moments within the play contribute to its overarching themes and meanings.

👉Briefly explain the deductive method with reference to an analogy to Music, Painting, rhythm, and pattern. Give examples of the outcomes of the deductive method.

The deductive method involves starting with a general principle or theory and then applying it to specific examples to draw conclusions. In the context of literary analysis, this approach entails beginning with a theoretical framework or critical concept and then analyzing individual texts to see how they conform to or challenge that framework.

👉Give example of the outcome of deductive method, Refer to the Indian seasonal grid.Here i potrait one Gujarati,  poem from the Archetypal approach and apply Indian seasonal grid in the interpretation.

In the Indian seasonal grid and Hindi scriptures, we find that six seasons  are: 

 Winter

 Pre- winter

 Summer

 Spring

 Autumn

 Monsoon

In which Northrop Frye mentioned how season came as an archetype in literature.  Here is the one poem:

હર્ષનો વરસાદ પડે,

સ્વર્ગની આદ્ય મિઠાસ છે.

ફૂલો ખિલે, માનસે મીઠાસ છે,

આકાશમાં રંગીન છાંચ છે.

સાંભળો વાતો, મન ખુશ થાય,

આવો મોસમ અનમોલ છે.

This Gujarati poem captures the essence of the spring season Vasant . The imagery of rain showering joy and sweetness  along with the blooming flowers and colorful sky, aligns with the characteristics of Vasant , which symbolizes renewal, vitality, and beauty.

Thank you.....

 References:Chat GPT

For Whom the Bell Tolls

Hello readers!!

I am Divya Jadav a student of English Department at MKBU. This blog is part of thinking activity of the novel ' For Whom the Bell Tolls ' by Earnest Hemingway.

      ' For whom the Bell Tolls '

                                      

👉 About The Aouther:-

Ernest Miller Hemingway  was born in July 21, 1899 and died in July 2, 1961 was an American novelist, short story writer and journalist.

His economical and understated style which included his iceberg theory.

Hemingway produced most of his work between the mid-1920s and the mid-1950s, and he was awarded the 1950 Nobel prize in literature.

👉Characters of the novel:-

👉Analysis of the novel:-

For Whom the Bell Tolls" is a novel by Ernest Hemingway set during the Spanish Civil War. It follows Robert Jordan, an American dynamiter, as he joins a guerilla group to blow up a bridge. The story explores themes of love, duty, and the impact of war on individuals. As the characters grapple with their own beliefs and fears, the novel raises questions about the human cost of conflict and the inevitability of death.

Here, i discuss the various question regarding the novel are:

👉1) Explain: Robert Jordan as a Typical Hemingway Hero 

Robert Jordan, the protagonist of Ernest Hemingway's "For Whom the Bell Tolls," embodies many traits typical of a Hemingway hero. He's stoic, brave, and faces the challenges of war with a sense of duty and grace. Jordan's internal struggles and resilience align with the characteristics often associated with Hemingway's protagonists.

Hemingway's heroes are often stoic, self-reliant, and face existential challenges with courage and grace. Jordan fits this mold in several ways.

Here are the some importance points which we find in the character of Robert Jordan:

Courage in the Face of Adversity:

Like many of Hemingway's characters, Jordan demonstrates remarkable bravery in the midst of danger. As a dynamiter assigned to blow up a bridge during the Spanish Civil War, he confronts the possibility of death with resolve and determination.

Physical and Mental Toughness: 

Jordan is physically adept and capable, traits valued by Hemingway. He endures grueling conditions and physical hardships without complaint, reflecting the author's admiration for resilience and endurance.

Self-Reliance and Independence: 

Jordan operates independently and relies on his own skills and judgment to navigate the challenges he faces. He is self-sufficient and self-reliant, embodying Hemingway's ideal of individualism.

Emotional Restraint: 

Hemingway's heroes often exhibit emotional restraint and a stoic demeanor, and Jordan is no exception. Despite inner turmoil and conflicting emotions, he maintains a composed exterior, revealing little about his inner thoughts and feelings.

Sense of Honor and Duty: 

Jordan possesses a strong sense of duty and honor, which guides his actions throughout the novel. His commitment to the Republican cause and his sense of responsibility to his comrades drive his decisions, even in the face of personal sacrifice.

Overall, Robert Jordan exemplifies the qualities of a typical Hemingway hero: brave, resilient, independent, emotionally restrained, and guided by a strong sense of honor and duty. His portrayal reflects Hemingway's fascination with individuals who confront life's challenges with courage and integrity.

👉Write your Views on the very brave character Pilar

Pilar, in "For Whom the Bell Tolls," embodies a profound sense of bravery that permeates the narrative. Her strength isn't just physical; it's a blend of resilience, determination, and unwavering commitment to the Republican cause amidst the chaos of the Spanish Civil War. 

Pilar's leadership within the guerrilla group, coupled with her intelligence and strategic acumen, highlights her as a formidable character.

 Her loyalty to her comrades and her willingness to confront harsh realities of war illustrate her depth and complexity. Pilar's bravery isn't just about facing danger; it's about confronting the moral complexities of conflict and remaining steadfast in her convictions. In a novel rich with themes of honor, sacrifice, and the human toll of war, Pilar's character stands out as a testament to the resilience of the human spirit in the face of adversity.

Here are the some points which easily recognised the character of Pilar in the novel:

Physical Strength: 

Pilar's physical prowess is remarkable, as seen in her ability to endure the hardships of guerrilla warfare and her readiness to confront danger head-on.

Strategic Intelligence: 

Pilar's leadership within the guerrilla group showcases her strategic thinking and ability to navigate complex situations, making her an invaluable asset in their fight against the enemy.

Loyalty and Camaraderie: 

Pilar's loyalty to her fellow fighters is unwavering, forging deep bonds of camaraderie that sustain them through the darkest times of the conflict.

Confronting Harsh Realities: 

Pilar confronts the harsh realities of war with courage, facing difficult truths about loss, betrayal, and the moral ambiguities of conflict without flinching.

Unyielding Commitment: 

Pilar demonstrates an unwavering dedication to the Republican cause, risking her life in the Spanish Civil War despite the dangers it entails.

In Hemingway's novel, Pilar emerges as a compelling figure whose bravery extends beyond mere physical courage, encompassing moral strength, loyalty, and a profound sense of purpose in the midst of turmoil.

Thank you....💐

Transcendentalism

Hello readers!!

This blog is assigned by Vedhehi ma'am as part of thinking activity about theTranscendentalism

              Transcendendalism

👉What is Transcendentalism ?

-19th century movment of writers and philosopher in new England. 

- American philosophy of english Romanticism it was influenced by German Transcendentalism.

-it began as a protest against the generalstate of state of society and cultural in particular.

-They believed that human beings find truth within themselves, and so they emphasized self reliance and Individual conscience.

Here,  are discussed various questionsregarding the ' Transcendentalism' :

👉1) Transcendentalists talk about the Individual’s relation with Nature. What is Nature for you? Share your views.

Ans:-

-As we learned  that  'Trannscenedentalism' talk about the individual relation with nature in which nature is the source of truth and inspiration. Tanscendentalist saw perfect nature human should not try to change or improve it. Transcendentalism believe in individual and they believe that  human are individual as a pure but it was corrupted by society. They also believed human are inherently good but society and their organisations corrupting.

- what is nature?

 According to me the philosophy in the nature is necessary for the improvement of individual, while engagement with the society is indispensable. In other words, only through focusing on both can we live a complete life and make a better society to live in. which we find Thoreau’s and Emerson’s work focused on self discovery and they urged their readers to look towards nature for individual growth and a better quality of life. They believed that everything is connected and by living in harmony with nature, it can become a refuge for the soul. 

"   Two years he walks the earth, no phone, no pool, no pets, no cigarettes, ultimate freedom, an extremist, an aesthetic voyager. Whose home is the road. No longer to be poisoned by civilization. He flees, and walks alone upon the land of to become, lost in the wild. ”  

Transcendentalism, emphasizing human nature, truth, simplicity, comfort and the importance of comfort, emphasizing human intuition, people only by virtue of spiritual intuition to achieve the best living conditions. The Transcendentalists place an emphasis on imagination, insight, and inspiration.

- Major Transcendentalism values:-

These are the three importan aspects in Transcendentalism. they believe Individual as pure and highly valued concept of thinking for oneself. Idealism placed great importance on imagination and creativity.

👉2 ) Transcendentalism is an American Philosophy that influenced American Literature at length. Can you find any Indian/Regional literature or Philosophy that came up with such similar thoughts?

Ans:-

In the  Indian philosophy and literature, the concept of "Upanishadic thought" shares some parallels with Transcendentalism. Upanishadic thought, found in ancient Indian texts known as Upanishads, explores the interconnectedness of the self with the ultimate reality (Brahman). This pursuit of a higher, transcendental understanding echoes themes present in Transcendentalist writings. Key ideas such as self-realization, the importance of intuition, and a connection with nature resonate in both Transcendentalism and Upanishadic philosophy.

👉3)Write in short about your understanding of the following essays according to the topics given:

Ans:-

              The essay of 'Self Reliance'

                                     Ralph Waldo Emerson

                     

-About Emerson:

   

 - Born :- 25 May 1803, Baston, U.S.

- Died :- 27 April 1882, Concord, U.S.

- He was a American lecturer, Poet, and Essayist and the leading exponent of New England Transcendentalism.

- Emerson graduated from Harvard University and ordained a Unitarian minister in 1829.

-He believed in individualism, non-conformity, and the need for harmony between man and nature. 

- He known as pioneer of Transcendentalism in America.

-Title Significance :-

-The title self Reliance is significant in conveying the central message of the essay by Ralph Waldo Emerson.
-The essay argues that people should trust in their own instincts and intuition, rather than conforming to expectations of society.The title ' self Reliance ' captures the idea that each person should rely on their own inner guidance and intuition to live a fulfilling life.
-Self reliance is the ability to do things and make decision by your, instead of relying on 
others.
- According to Emerson self Reliance is key to living a fulfilling and authentic life.

Key Points 

1)Trust in oneself

Emerson argues that people should trust their own instincts and intuition, rather than relying on external authority or conformity to society. He believes that people have a Divine spark within them that can guide them toward their own unique path in life.

2)Individualism 

 Emerson's "Self-Reliance" delves into the essence of individualism, urging individuals to trust their instincts over societal expectations. He champions true independence, encouraging the courage to be oneself, even if it means 

diverging from conventional norms. Emerson emphasizes the importance of self-trust and pursuing a distinctive life path, inspirinreaders to break free from conformity.

3) Noncomformity

Emerson says in 'Self-Reliance' that it'simportant not to just follow what 

everyone else is doing. He thinks conforming to society's expectations stops us from being true to ourselves. Emerson wants us to be

independent thinkers and do our own thing, going against the crowd if needed.

4) Self Trust

 Emerson believes that self trust is essential to self reliance. He argues that people should not be swayed by the options of others and should have the courage to follow their own inner 

guidance.

5)Self Expression 

 Emerson believe that each person is unique, and we should not just follow what everyone else is doing .  He encourage us to trust our own feelings and ideas , even if they are different from what everyone else thinkAccording to Emerson , expressing yourself is showing like World your true colours and not being afraid to be unique and different.

6). Spiritualism & Nature 

Nature and Spiritualism play pivotal roles in shaping Emerson's ideas on self reliance

● Spiritualism

● Inner Divinity

● Transcendental Connection

● Intuition and Spirituality

● Nature 

● Nature as a Source of Truth

● Nature as a Teacher

● Self Discovery in Nature

Themes of Essay

Transcendentalism

The Unity of nature

 The importance of self-Reliance

The limit of science.

Conclusion 

 In the conclusion of "Self-Reliance" by Ralph Waldo Emerson, the author emphasizes the importance of individuality andnonconformity. He encourages readers to trust their intuition, 

embrace their uniqueness, and not be swayed by societal expectations. 

Thankyou.....💐

Movie Screening of 12th fail

Hello readers!!

  Review and Comparative study of the Movie ' 12th Fail ' 

👉About The film:-

Release date: 27 October 2023 (India)

Director: Vidhu Vinod Chopra

Cast: Vikrant Massey, Priyanshu Chatterjee, Medha Shankar

12th Fail is a 2023 Indian hindi language boliogrphical drama film produced, written and directed by Vidhu vinod Chopra It is based on the 2019 eponymous non-fiction book by Anurag Pathak about the real-life story of Manoj Kumar Sharma, who overcame extreme poverty to become an Indian police service  officer. The  protagonist how to achieve our goal faced to lot's of problems and struggle wants become IPS officer.

👉THE  RESTART:-

The film also belongs to Vikrant Massey, who is an actor of great calibre finally finds a film that could well have challenged him. Completely devoid of mannerisms, his body language, his hesitant pattern, his self-belief are navigated like a master. In any other cinematic space, this role would be recognised, praised, celebrated, and emulated. Here it goes unnoticed. For the good of our cinema, and for good cinema, we must pray to have him more on screen and catch Vidhu Vinod Chopra in similar mood. The film’s non-noisy performance at the box-office hopefully would not dishearten Vidhu Vinod Chopra ad Vikrant Massey. To echo the theme of their narrative one can only say: “Re start” –

     Jeero se kya darna bey

    Jeero ke pahiye banake

    Tu aage aage badna bey

    Restart, restart, restart....

👉Theoretical framework in the movie:-

In the Movie there we find the various scenes which creates the essentialness role of human being for achieving goals and be a good leader to face a lot of the problems and sacrifices and become a officer.

There’s a beautiful scene where his brother and him are wrongly taken into custody by the police for driving their ‘Juggad’ (a self-made vehicle to ferry customers to nearby villages). 

The officer instigates Manoj to get his dunali (desi rifle) for a face-off in exchange for his brother’s acquittal. Instead of choosing violence and a false sense of manhood, he approached his idol and the honest DSP of his area Dushyant Singh. When Singh tells him to come in the morning, he utters a blunt yet truthful statement that what is the point of honesty when you can’t help a poor person in need. Dushyant is moved by his determination and bravado and decides to help him out. 

A small deed by Dushyant left such a massive impact on young Manoj’s impressionable mind that in that very moment he decides that he will give it his all to become an honest policeman without taking the route of cheating. Instead of following the masses, he gives his 12th exam honestly even if that entailed a third division while all his classmates scored first division via cheating.

He’s an actor in the true sense of the word and his love for the craft is evident from every role that he chooses. A humble and soft-spoken young man, he’s always a delight to watch both on and off the screen. 

As for his 12th Fail performance, he deserves every bit of success and accolades because his honesty, conviction and emotions translated and resonated with the audiences beautifully.

Elitists constitute only a small fraction of our population. A majority of India belongs to the low-income group with big dreams and goals. For a young boy belonging to a family that barely makes ends meet to dream of becoming an IPS officer, is something that is not uncommon. In real life we have seen children of laborers, auto drivers and farmers among others go on to achieve triumph only because of their hunger for success and yearning for a decent life, something which kids of rich families get automatically on a golden platter. 

Manoj worked odd jobs like cleaning toilets, waitering in a tea stall, working in a library and milling flour to make meager money which helped him get tuitions and books. He would study almost 13 hours, work for 8 hours and sleep for only 3. This practice wasn’t a one-off thing, he continued doing it for years until he made his dream come true. 

Parallely, we are shown a privileged boy Pritam who was the one who planted the IPS dream in Manoj’s head and supported him throughout his journey. He failed to clear the exams continuously only because he knew that he had a fall-back option - his father, a PWD contractor. The contrast between the two men is something that I'm pretty sure, most of us, have witnessed in our daily lives. 

12th Fail scores high on relatability and every moment of the film keeps you gripped because you will find yourself rooting for Manoj. His wins and losses aren’t just his own because they feel personal. When he flunks his mains exam, it felt like a personal blow because one couldn’t fathom how this hardworking boy who has worked and studied day and night without caring about his health or personal life, would have to restart the entire process all over again!

From Gouri Bhaiya To DSP Dushyant Singh, play a vital role:-

Instead of making the film hero-centric, director and scriptwriter Vidhu Vinod Chopra ensured that the supporting actors aren’t just for props. Anshuman Pushkar who played the role of Gouri Bhaiya gets full attention and respect for being so selfless and kind. 

A UPSC aspirant himself, once he maxes out his attempts and still doesn’t crack it, he makes it his life goal to assist those who dared to dream of becoming an officer. He not only motivates and teaches but also goes out of the way to help Manoj financially and emotionally. 

It’s these little things in the film that speaks volumes about the heart and intent that the makers had behind making 12th Fail.

👉Themetic study :-

That small scene wh12th Fail," thematic analysis would involve examining recurring themes or patterns within the movie. This could include exploring themes related to academic challenges, personal growth, societal expectations, or resilience. By identifying and analyzing these themes, one can gain a deeper understanding of the film's underlying messages and the character development within the narrative.ere he carries his carefully packed police uniform for Manoj on the day of result announcement will bring such a happy smile on your face that you’ll not forget him for days. 

👉Comparative Analysis:  -

Plot Structure: 

Compare the narrative structures of "12th Fail" and another relevant film. Analyze the pacing, plot twists, and how each story unfolds.

Character Development:

Evaluate the characters in both movies. Consider their arcs, motivations, and how they contribute to the overall storyline.

Cinematography: 

Examine the visual aspects of each film. Assess cinematography techniques, camera angles, lighting, and how these elements contribute to the overall mood.

Thematic Elements:

Identify and compare the themes explored in both movies. This could include examining underlying messages, social commentary, or philosophical aspects.

Soundtrack and Music: 

Evaluate the use of music in each film. Consider how the soundtrack enhances the viewing experience and complements the storytelling.

👉 Conclusion:-

The film is not just a chronicle of one man`s journey but a celebration of everyone who dared to look at failures as an opportunity to #Restart.

Thankyou....💐

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