This blog is part of thinking activity about the poems Poems by Toru Dutt (Lakshman), Sri Aurobindo (To a Hero-Worshipper), R. Tagore (Dino Daan) in which we discuss about the various question regarding the poems.
"Lakshman"
by Toru Dutt
About Toru Dutt
Toru Dutt (1856-1877)was an Indian poet and translator who wrote in English and French. She is remembered for her contributions to Indian literature in the colonial period, showcasing India's culture and mythology to Western audiences.
Literary Contributions: Known for her poetry collection 'A Sheaf Gleaned in French Fields (1876), a translation of 100 French poems into English, and 'Ancient Ballads and Legends of Hindustan'
1) Write a critical note on Lakshman by Toru Dutt.
Her other legendary story 'Lakshman' is in the dialogue form. Harihar Das says that it is not narrative but conversational. But a deep and profound study shows that Toru Dutt has a very fine narrative skill. When Lakshman is hesitant for going out in search of his brother, Ram, Sita says: He perishes-weel, let him die!
Here’s a critical analysis of Toru Dutt’s poem “Lakshman”in key points:
1. Context and Mythological Background:
Mythological Reference:
The poem is based on an episode from the Indian epic *Ramayana*. It narrates the moment when Lakshman, the brother of Lord Rama, is requested by Sita to leave her and search for Rama, who she believes is in danger.
Character Focus:
Lakshman and Sita are the central characters in this poem. Sita is emotional and concerned for Rama’s safety, while Lakshman represents duty and loyalty.
2. Themes
Loyalty and Duty: Lakshman’s unwavering loyalty to Rama is a key theme. Despite Sita’s requests, he is reluctant to leave her alone in the forest, emphasizing his sense of responsibility to protect her.
Conflict Between Emotions and Duty: The poem presents the tension between Sita’s emotional outburst and Lakshman’s adherence to his duty. Sita’s fear for Rama and her accusations cause Lakshman internal conflict.
Love and Protection: Sita’s love for Rama is intense, as her emotions overpower her rationality. Her love compels her to ask Lakshman to break his duty.
3. Characterization
Lakshman: Presented as the epitome of loyalty and courage. He is cautious and tries to explain to Sita that Rama is invincible and can protect himself.
Sita: Emotional and anxious for her husband's safety, her accusations reflect the strain she feels, suggesting a nuanced portrayal of her vulnerability.
Rama: Though absent, Rama is omnipresent in the poem, serving as the emotional center for both Sita and Lakshman.
4. Structure and Styly
Form: The poem is written in a narrative style, capturing the dialogue between Sita and Lakshman.
Language: Dutt uses eloquent and emotional language, vividly depicting Sita’s distress and Lakshman’s inner turmoil.
Imagery: Rich in natural imagery, the forest setting adds to the tension of the poem. It mirrors the isolation and danger that the characters feel.
5. Moral Dilemma
Lakshman’s Dilemma: He is caught between obeying Sita’s command and his duty to protect her. This dilemma is central to the poem, highlighting the complexity of dharma (duty).
Accusation and Guilt: Sita's harsh accusations against Lakshman for harboring secret desires for her (a misunderstanding) further complicate his predicament, adding an emotional depth to the conflict.
6. Cultural Significance
Depiction of Indian Mythology: Toru Dutt brings an Indian mythological story to an English-speaking audience, enriching English literature with Indian cultural themes.
Role of Women: Sita’s character reflects the traditional role of women in Indian mythology as devoted wives, yet her assertiveness here also shows her emotional strength and autonomy.
7. Symbolism
Lakshman Rekha (Lakshman’s Line): The boundary Lakshman draws around Sita symbolizes the protective limits of his duty and the constraints on Sita's freedom.
8. Conclusion
Resolution of Conflict: Lakshman ultimately leaves, foreshadowing the tragic abduction of Sita by Ravana. His decision marks the triumph of duty over personal feelings, but it also leads to devastating consequences, indicating the complexity of moral choices.
Toru Dutt’s Interpretation: Dutt captures the emotional and moral dimensions of this story, exploring themes of love, duty, and sacrifice through her poetic retelling.
